Barnet R C, Miller R R
Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1996 Jul;22(3):279-96. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.22.3.279.
Conditioned suppression studies with rats explored the informational content of a backward conditioned inhibitor. Pairings of an unconditioned stimulus (US) and Stimulus 1 (US-->S1) established S1 as an inhibitor in Experiment 1. Pairing the inhibitor S1 with a novel S2 (S2-->S1) promoted excitatory second-order conditioning (SOC) to S2, which suggested S1 was well associated with the US. Degrading presumed S1-US associations in Experiment 2 by S1- (extinction) treatment eliminated S2's excitation while preserving S1's inhibition. Experiments 3 and 4 converged in showing that S2 was not an excitor when Pavlovian conditioned inhibition (CI) was the inhibitory treatment prior to the SOC phase, but instead acted as a second-order inhibitor. Results are discussed in relation to the temporal coding hypothesis, the SOP ("sometimes opponent process") and Rescorla-Wagner models of conditioning, and the associative structure of SOC. Also, the data suggest that backward inhibition is special and that not all forms of CI are equal.
对大鼠进行的条件性抑制研究探讨了逆向条件性抑制剂的信息内容。在实验1中，将无条件刺激（US）与刺激1配对（US→S1），使S1成为一种抑制剂。将抑制剂S1与新的刺激2配对（S2→S1）促进了对S2的兴奋性二级条件作用（SOC），这表明S1与US有良好的关联。在实验2中，通过对S1进行消退处理来破坏假定的S1-US关联，消除了S2的兴奋性，同时保留了S1的抑制作用。实验3和实验4的结果一致表明，当在SOC阶段之前采用巴甫洛夫条件性抑制（CI）作为抑制处理时，S2不是一个兴奋物，而是作为一个二级抑制剂起作用。我们将结合时间编码假说、SOP（“有时是对手过程”）和雷斯克拉-瓦格纳条件作用模型以及SOC的联想结构来讨论这些结果。此外，数据表明逆向抑制是特殊的，并且并非所有形式的CI都是等同的。
