Baker R S, Wilson R M, Flowers C W, Lee D A, Wheeler N C
UCLA School of Medicine Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1999 Sep;6(3):159-69. doi: 10.1076/opep.6.3.159.1505.
Occupational injury is a major source of ocular trauma and is often preventable. A statewide population-based survey of severe work-related ocular injury was generated by using the California Hospital discharge database to identify hospitalized ocular injury and workers compensation as principal payor to identify work-relatedness. Information concerning diagnoses, procedures, causes of injury, length of hospital stay, total hospital charges and disposition at hospital discharge were obtained for injuries occurring during the calendar year 1988. A total of 455 admissions for work-related ocular trauma were identified. The most common work-related ocular trauma diagnoses associated with hospitalizations were open globe injury (46%), adnexal wounds (20%), orbital fractures (11%), and traumatic hyphema (11%). The most common causes of work-related ocular trauma were foreign-body or projectile objects (19%), transport vehicles (18%), cutting or piercing objects (17%), and assaults (9%). Approximately 8% reported other than routine disposition at time of hospital discharge, including long-term nursing or rehabilitation services and death. Mean hospital stay when ocular trauma was the principal admitting diagnosis was 3.7 days. Results differed significantly for admissions reporting ocular trauma as the principal admitting diagnosis compared to admissions that did not. Hospitalized work-related ocular trauma is represented by a wide spectrum of injuries with substantial morbidity and economic costs. Projected to the United States population, these data indicate annual hospital charges excluding professional fees of $14.6 million when work-related ocular trauma is the principal admitting diagnosis and $40 million for admissions where ocular trauma is either a principal or secondary diagnosis.
职业伤害是眼外伤的主要来源，且往往是可预防的。通过使用加利福尼亚医院出院数据库，对严重的与工作相关的眼外伤进行了一项全州范围基于人群的调查，以确定住院眼外伤情况，并将工人赔偿作为主要支付方来确定与工作的相关性。获取了1988年日历年度发生的伤害的诊断、治疗程序、受伤原因、住院时间、医院总费用以及出院时的处置情况等信息。共确定了455例与工作相关的眼外伤入院病例。与住院相关的最常见的与工作相关的眼外伤诊断为开放性眼球损伤（46%）、附属器伤口（20%）、眼眶骨折（11%）和外伤性前房积血（11%）。与工作相关的眼外伤的最常见原因是异物或投射物（19%）、运输车辆（18%）、切割或穿刺物体（17%）以及袭击（9%）。约8%的患者在出院时报告了非常规处置情况，包括长期护理或康复服务以及死亡。当眼外伤为主要入院诊断时，平均住院时间为3.7天。将眼外伤作为主要入院诊断的入院病例与未将其作为主要入院诊断的入院病例相比，结果存在显著差异。住院的与工作相关的眼外伤表现为多种类型的伤害，具有较高的发病率和经济成本。将这些数据推算至美国人口，结果表明，当与工作相关的眼外伤为主要入院诊断时，每年不包括专业费用的医院费用为1460万美元；当眼外伤为主要或次要诊断时，入院病例的费用为4000万美元。
