Cummings J H, Beatty E R, Kingman S M, Bingham S A, Englyst H N
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge.
Br J Nutr. 1996 May;75(5):733-47. doi: 10.1079/bjn19960177.
The digestion of four sources of resistant starch (RS) has been studied in twelve healthy volunteers who ate controlled diets for 15 d periods. RS from potato, banana, wheat and maize (17-30 g/d) was compared with a starch-free diet, a diet containing wheat starch that was fully digested in the small intestine, and with 18.4 g NSP from brand/d. RS increased stool wet weight by 1.6 g/d per g RS fed for potato, 1.7 for banana, 2.5 for wheat and 2.7 for maize, but this was significantly less than bran NSP at 4.9 g/g. RS was extensively digested in twenty-seven of thirty-four diet periods but five subjects were unable to break down one or two of the RS sources. Faecal N and energy excretion were increased. RS decreased NSP breakdown and RS2 (resistant starch granules) tended to prolong transit time. All forms of RS increased faecal total short-chain fatty acid excretion. RS2 (from potato and banana) gave greater proportions of acetate in faeces, and RS3 (retrograded starch from wheat and maize) more propionate. We have concluded that RS2 and RS3 are broken down in the human gut, probably in the colon although in 26% of cases this breakdown was impaired. RS exerts mild laxative properties, predominantly through stimulation of biomass excretion but also through some sparing of NSP breakdown.
在12名健康志愿者中研究了四种抗性淀粉（RS）来源的消化情况，这些志愿者食用了15天的控制饮食。将来自马铃薯、香蕉、小麦和玉米的抗性淀粉（17 - 30克/天）与无淀粉饮食、含有在小肠中完全消化的小麦淀粉的饮食以及每天18.4克的麸皮非淀粉多糖（NSP）进行了比较。食用马铃薯抗性淀粉使粪便湿重每天增加1.6克/克所摄入的抗性淀粉，香蕉为1.7克/克，小麦为2.5克/克，玉米为2.7克/克，但这明显低于麸皮非淀粉多糖的4.9克/克。在34个饮食阶段中的27个阶段，抗性淀粉被大量消化，但有5名受试者无法分解一两种抗性淀粉来源。粪便中氮和能量的排泄增加。抗性淀粉减少了非淀粉多糖的分解，并且抗性淀粉颗粒（RS2）倾向于延长转运时间。所有形式的抗性淀粉都增加了粪便中总短链脂肪酸的排泄。来自马铃薯和香蕉的RS2在粪便中产生的乙酸比例更高，而来自小麦和玉米的回生淀粉（RS3）产生的丙酸更多。我们得出结论，RS2和RS3在人体肠道中被分解，可能在结肠中，尽管在26%的情况下这种分解受到损害。抗性淀粉具有轻度的通便特性，主要通过刺激生物质排泄，但也通过减少一些非淀粉多糖的分解来实现。
