Andrykowski M A, Curran S L, Studts J L, Cunningham L, Carpenter J S, McGrath P C, Sloan D A, Kenady D E
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536-0086, USA.
J Clin Epidemiol. 1996 Aug;49(8):827-34. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(96)00028-5.
Comparison of psychosocial adjustment in women with breast cancer (BC) and women with benign breast problems (BBP) has been hampered by a failure to control for age differences between these groups, as well as a failure to assess positive psychosocial adaptation in addition to psychological distress. Age-matched women with breast cancer (n = 80) and benign breast problems (n = 80) completed measures of psychological distress, positive psychosocial adaptation, and general quality of life (QOL). Breast cancer patients had completed primary treatment for breast cancer a mean of 24.6 months prior to participation (range, 6-57 months). Comparison of the BC and BBP groups indicated that the BC group reported (1) poorer physical health and functioning, (2) no differences in psychological distress, and (3) greater positive psychosocial adaptation, such as improved life outlook, enhanced interpersonal relationships, and deeper spiritual and religious satisfaction. Results support the theoretical position that cancer is a transitional event, that is, a traumatic event that alters an individual's assumptive world with the potential to produce long-lasting changes of both a positive as well as negative nature. This underscores the importance of using measures of both psychological distress and positive psychosocial adaptation when assessing psychological adjustment following transitional events such as breast cancer.
乳腺癌（BC）女性与良性乳腺疾病（BBP）女性心理社会适应情况的比较受到阻碍，原因在于未能控制这两组之间的年龄差异，以及除了心理困扰之外未能评估积极的心理社会适应情况。年龄匹配的乳腺癌女性（n = 80）和良性乳腺疾病女性（n = 80）完成了心理困扰、积极心理社会适应以及总体生活质量（QOL）的测量。乳腺癌患者在参与研究前平均已完成乳腺癌的主要治疗24.6个月（范围为6 - 57个月）。BC组和BBP组的比较表明，BC组报告（1）身体健康和功能较差，（2）心理困扰无差异，以及（3）积极心理社会适应更强，如生活前景改善、人际关系增强以及精神和宗教满意度更高。结果支持了癌症是一个过渡性事件的理论观点，也就是说，这是一个创伤性事件，它改变了个体的假设世界，有可能产生积极和消极性质的持久变化。这强调了在评估乳腺癌等过渡性事件后的心理适应时，使用心理困扰和积极心理社会适应测量方法的重要性。
