Event-related potentials during an auditory discrimination with prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy subjects.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measure of the influence of a stimulus (S1) on the response elicited by a second stimulus (S2) occurring shortly afterwards. Most S1/S2 measures of gating have used behavioural startle and the P50 event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes to detect PPI in a simple paired stimulus paradigm. We report on two behavioural (reaction time, RT, and the electromyographically recorded response of the musculus orbicularis oculi, EMG) and 5 ERP measures of PPI where S2 was the target in an auditory two-tone discrimination. Subjects were 21 healthy controls (CON), 11 obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and 9 schizophrenic patients (SCH). The prepulse 100 ms before S2 induced more omission errors and longer RTs compared to 500ms S1-S2 interval in all subjects. PPI was also evident in EMG, P50, N1, P3 but not P2 or N2 amplitudes of CON subjects. SCH patients showed attenuation of PPI on the same measures. OCD patients were characterized only by their slow RT and a marginal attenuation of PPI of the EMG response. A correlational analysis implied separate relationships of ERP indices of PPI to the cognitive and psychomotor consequences of the prepulse on behavioural and discrimination responses. However, SCH patients showed a general rather than a specific impairment of these indices.