Balota D A, Paul S T
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1996 Jul;22(4):827-45. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.4.827.
Six experiments addressed the combinatorial influence of multiple related primes in naming, lexical decision and relatedness judgment performance. Primes either converged on a single semantic representation (e.g., LION-STRIPES-TIGER) or diverged onto distinct semantic representations (e.g., KIDNEY-PIANO-ORGAN). The facilitatory influence of 2 related primes was well predicted by the sum of the influences from the single-related-prime conditions (a) for both convergent and divergent primes, (b) in lexical-decision and naming, (c) across varying prime-target stimulus onset asynchronies, and (d) under target-degradation conditions that increased the priming effects. The relatedness-judgment task yielded an additive pattern of priming for convergent prime conditions; however, an underadditive pattern of priming was found for divergent prime conditions. Discussion focuses on the role of attentional systems that modulate the type of information used to perform a given task.
六项实验探讨了多个相关启动词在命名、词汇判断及相关性判断任务表现中的组合影响。启动词要么汇聚于单一语义表征（如“狮子 - 条纹 - 老虎”），要么分散至不同语义表征（如“肾脏 - 钢琴 - 器官”）。对于（a）汇聚型和分散型启动词、（b）词汇判断和命名任务、（c）不同的启动词 - 目标刺激起始异步条件，以及（d）在增强启动效应的目标降解条件下，两个相关启动词的促进作用能很好地由单个相关启动词条件的影响之和预测。相关性判断任务在汇聚型启动词条件下产生了累加性的启动模式；然而，在分散型启动词条件下发现了启动不足的模式。讨论聚焦于调节用于执行给定任务的信息类型的注意系统的作用。
