Cialdea L, Sagliocca L, Mele A
Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1995;31(3):313-5.
From many epidemiological studies comes out that haemodialysis patients are at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This review shows the results of several prevalence and incidence studies carried out in dialysis centres. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in haemodialysis patients varies from 20% to 38%. From these surveys comes out that serodiagnostic tests, usually employed in laboratory diagnosis (ELISA and RIBA), may underestimate the true prevalence of HCV infection. The very important risk factors in the haemodialysis units are blood transfusion and the length of time on haemodialysis. Nevertheless, these are not sufficient to explain completely the high prevalence of subjects HCV positive among the dialysis patients. Contamination of environmental surfaces, caused by a non correct application of the asepsis and disinfection techniques, could be, according to several authors, the more important cause of this infection among the dialysis patients.
许多流行病学研究表明，血液透析患者感染丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的风险很高。本综述展示了在透析中心进行的几项患病率和发病率研究的结果。血液透析患者中抗-HCV抗体的患病率在20%至38%之间。从这些调查中可以看出，实验室诊断中常用的血清学诊断测试（ELISA和RIBA）可能会低估HCV感染的真实患病率。血液透析单位中非常重要的风险因素是输血和血液透析的时间长度。然而，这些不足以完全解释透析患者中HCV阳性受试者的高患病率。根据几位作者的说法，由于无菌和消毒技术应用不当导致的环境表面污染可能是透析患者中这种感染的更重要原因。
