Franz T J, Lehman P A, Franz S F, Guin J D
Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Arch Dermatol. 1996 Aug;132(8):901-5.
Because of the concern for potential neurotoxic effects (central nervous system excitation, convulsions) in the treatment of scabies using 1% lindane lotion, 5% permethrin cream has been suggested as an alternative scabicide. Using the finite dose technique, in vitro percutaneous absorption of 5% permethrin cream or 1% lindane lotion was measured in human and guinea pig skin following a single application. In vivo blood and brain levels of the scabicides were measured in guinea pigs following three daily applications of 5% permethrin cream or 1% lindane lotion. Permethrin and lindane levels were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy.
In vitro percutaneous absorption of the two scabicides was identical in guinea pig skin; however, human skin was 20-fold more permeable to lindane than to permethrin. In vivo guinea pig blood and brain levels of lindane were fourfold greater than permethrin levels.
The risk for toxic effects, as assessed by systemic exposure during overuse conditions, is projected to be 40 to 400 times lower for 5% permethrin cream than for 1% lindane lotion.
由于担心使用1%林丹洗剂治疗疥疮时存在潜在的神经毒性作用（中枢神经系统兴奋、惊厥），5%氯菊酯乳膏被建议作为一种替代杀疥剂。采用有限剂量技术，单次应用后在人皮肤和豚鼠皮肤中测量5%氯菊酯乳膏或1%林丹洗剂的体外经皮吸收。在豚鼠每日应用3次5%氯菊酯乳膏或1%林丹洗剂后，测量体内杀疥剂的血液和脑内水平。通过气相色谱/质谱法定量氯菊酯和林丹水平。
两种杀疥剂在豚鼠皮肤中的体外经皮吸收相同；然而，人皮肤对林丹的通透性比对氯菊酯高20倍。在豚鼠体内，林丹的血液和脑内水平比氯菊酯水平高4倍。
根据过度使用情况下的全身暴露评估，5%氯菊酯乳膏的毒性作用风险预计比1%林丹洗剂低40至400倍。
