Arnold D
Pflege. 1996 Mar;9(1):72-9.
Nursing and power. Poststructuralism and its application to the power-relationships in the "female" occupation of nursing The theory of Foucault is used to outline a "genealogy" of nursing, historically a female occupation, subordinate to medicine. Foucault's ideas about power, discourse and panopticon are analysed in relation to nursing. The concept of discourse enables the writer to see the "feminine ideology" of society as the effect of power on the identity, behaviour and expression of emotion of women in nursing. The hospital and the "Mutterhaus" can be understood as panoptical institutions. Hospital nurses are in a position in which they have powers of disciplining patients and at the same time are themselves subject to surveillance and normalisation. As a concrete example, the techniques of using power, which originate from monasteries, form "norm-traps" when applied to nursing. Finally, not only the question of power, but also that of resistance to power, is addressed. Professionalisation and the move towards science-based nursing can be seen as "counter discourse". This is meant to set up the nurses' own knowledge base, their understanding of the nurse-patient relationship and of nursing practice, against the view of nursing as a profession subordinate to medicine. Foucault's view of power and resistance leads the writer to align herself with "the other side", in this case professionalisation in nursing. But at the same time one is invited to take the offensive in the debate of old and new contradictions.
护理与权力。后结构主义及其在护理这一“女性”职业权力关系中的应用 福柯的理论被用于勾勒护理的“谱系”，护理在历史上是女性职业，从属于医学。福柯关于权力、话语和全景敞视主义的观点被结合护理进行分析。话语概念使作者能够将社会的“女性意识形态”视为权力对护理领域中女性身份、行为和情感表达的影响。医院和“母婴之家”可被理解为全景敞视机构。医院护士处于一种既能管教患者又同时自身受到监督和规训的地位。作为一个具体例子，源自修道院的权力运用技巧应用于护理时形成了“规范陷阱”。最后，不仅探讨了权力问题，还涉及了对权力的抵抗问题。专业化以及向科学护理的转变可被视为“反话语”。这旨在建立护士自己的知识基础、她们对护患关系及护理实践的理解，以对抗将护理视为从属于医学的职业这一观点。福柯对权力与抵抗的看法使作者站在了“另一方”，即护理专业化这一边。但同时也有人被邀请在新旧矛盾的辩论中发起攻势。
