Critical Health Research Group, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
J Adv Nurs. 2014 Apr;70(4):768-76. doi: 10.1111/jan.12236. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
To discuss the Foucauldian concept of genealogy as a framework for understanding and transforming nurses' professional identity.
The professional identity of nurses has primarily been defined by personal and interpersonal attributes and by the intradisciplinary dimensions of nursing, leading to its conceptualization as a universal, monolithic phenomenon. The Foucauldian genealogical perspective offers a critical lens to examine what constitutes this professional identity; Spanish nursing offers a historical case study of an active effort to impose an identity that fits the monolithic ideal.
Five of the 33 professional conduct manuals for nurses' training published from 1956-1976 during the Franco dictatorship in Spain and six interviews with nursing instructors or students at the time were analysed using a theoretical framework drawn from Foucault's writing.
Foucault's genealogical framework considers practices of normalization and resistance as a means of understanding knowledge continuities and discontinuities, clarifying practices that constitute nurses' professional identity in a particular way in specific contexts and analysing the implications of this theoretical frame.
The genealogy concept offers valuable tools to determine how professional identities are constituted, questions assumptions about the profession and its professionals and envisions alternative approaches. This theoretical approach helps both scholars and practitioners understand, question and transform their practices as needed.
The genealogical approach prioritizes analysis of the phenomenon over its description and challenges many unknown, forgotten, excluded and/or unquestioned aspects of identity from a position of diversity and complexity.
讨论福柯的谱系学概念作为理解和改变护士职业认同的框架。
护士的职业认同主要是通过个人和人际属性以及护理的学科内维度来定义的，导致其被概念化为一种普遍的、单一的现象。福柯的谱系学视角提供了一个批判性的视角来审视构成这种职业认同的因素；西班牙护理提供了一个历史案例研究，即积极努力强加一种符合单一理想的认同。
对西班牙弗朗哥独裁统治时期（1956-1976 年）出版的 33 本护士培训专业行为准则中的 5 本和 6 次采访进行了分析，采访对象是当时的护理教师或学生，分析采用了福柯著作中的理论框架。
福柯的谱系学框架将规范化和抵制的实践视为理解知识连续性和不连续性的一种手段，阐明了以特定方式在特定背景下构成护士职业认同的实践，并分析了这一理论框架的含义。
谱系学概念提供了有价值的工具，可以确定职业认同是如何构成的，质疑关于该职业及其专业人员的假设，并设想替代方法。这种理论方法有助于学者和从业者理解、质疑和根据需要改变他们的实践。
谱系学方法优先分析现象，而不是描述现象，并从多样性和复杂性的角度挑战身份的许多未知、被遗忘、被排除和/或未经质疑的方面。
