Osterman P, Schwartz-Barcott D
Nurs Forum. 1996 Apr-Jun;31(2):23-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.1996.tb00490.x.
Presence is an important but confusing concept in nursing. At times, it is used to simply characterize a nurse's physical presence, while, at other times, it is used in a highly metaphysical sense to depict a nurse's full physical, psychological, and spiritual presence. As a concept, presence has not been clearly defined. Its core characteristics need to be identified and separated from those characteristics that reflect its variability. The authors establish a definition of presence as "being there" based on the essence of the concept as it is used in the nursing literature; identifying four ways in which presence varies based on the quality of being there, the focus of the nurse's energy, and the nature of the nurse-patient interaction; and address possible outcomes of each type.
“在场”在护理领域是一个重要但令人困惑的概念。有时，它仅仅用于描述护士的身体在场；而在其他时候，它被用于一种高度形而上的意义，以描绘护士全面的身体、心理和精神在场。作为一个概念，“在场”尚未得到明确界定。需要确定其核心特征，并将其与反映其变异性的特征区分开来。作者基于该概念在护理文献中的本质，将“在场”定义为“在那里”；确定了“在场”基于“在那里”的质量、护士精力的关注点以及护患互动的性质而产生变化的四种方式；并探讨了每种类型可能产生的结果。
