Morse J M
Nurs Inq. 1996 Jun;3(2):74-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.1996.tb00017.x.
This paper explores the relationship between nursing theory, research and practice. It suggests that the frequently discussed difficulties in operationalizing, testing and implementing nursing theories are perhaps indicative of their lack of fit with clinical practice. The insistence of fitting theories within the four metaparadigm concepts-person, environment, health and nursing-forces nursing theory to an inappropriate level of abstraction and to a level that dilutes its relevance for clinical application. It is possible that, while these theories are useful as philosophies, they lack the clinical relevance that is a critical criterion for theory. Confounding the status quo, the present practice of teaching theory as fact within education and using theory to drive nursing curricula removes the tentative and guiding contribution that a theory contributes to a profession. A plea is made for research that supports the exploration and identification of nursing concepts and for the development of appropriate theory that will guide both nursing research and nursing practice. Since nursing is an applied discipline, this responsibility necessarily falls on the shoulders of researchers who, in partnership with clinicians, can explore, test and refine theory.
本文探讨了护理理论、研究与实践之间的关系。它表明，在护理理论的实施、测试和应用中经常讨论的困难，可能表明这些理论与临床实践不太契合。坚持将理论套入人、环境、健康和护理这四个元范式概念中，会迫使护理理论达到不适当的抽象层次，并削弱其与临床应用的相关性。虽然这些理论作为哲学可能有用，但它们可能缺乏作为理论的关键标准——临床相关性。使现状更为复杂的是，目前在教育中将理论当作事实来教授，并使用理论来推动护理课程设置的做法，消除了理论对一门专业所做的试探性和指导性贡献。本文呼吁开展研究，以支持对护理概念的探索和识别，并呼吁开发适当的理论，以指导护理研究和护理实践。由于护理是一门应用学科，这项责任必然落在研究人员肩上，他们需要与临床医生合作，来探索、测试和完善理论。
