Friedman A, Lawrence Hall D
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 1996 May;24(3):285-95. doi: 10.3758/bf03213293.
We investigated the frame of reference that people use to make shape discriminations when their heads are either upright or tilted. Observers made same-different judgments of pairs of novel three-dimensional objects that were aligned along their length within the frontal-parallel plane and rotated in depth around an axis parallel to their own axes of elongation. The aligned objects were displayed vertically, tilted 45 degrees, or horizontally with respect to the environmental upright, but the distance of each pair from the upright was irrelevant to resolving the angular disparity between the stimuli for the same-different judgment. Nevertheless, when observers' heads were upright, the time to encode the stimuli was a linear function of the distance of the stimuli from the environmental upright, whereas when observers' heads were tilted 45 degrees, encoding times for tilted and vertical stimuli did not differ and were faster than the times to encode horizontal stimuli. We interpreted these data to mean that observers either rotate or reference the top of an object to the environmental upright, and they can use either a gravitational or retinal reference frame to do so when either they or the objects are not upright.
我们研究了人们在头部直立或倾斜时用于进行形状辨别的参照系。观察者对沿额状面内长度方向对齐并围绕与其自身伸长轴平行的轴进行深度旋转的新颖三维物体对做出相同或不同的判断。对齐的物体相对于环境直立方向垂直显示、倾斜45度或水平显示，但每对物体与直立方向的距离与解决相同或不同判断的刺激之间的角度差异无关。然而，当观察者头部直立时，编码刺激的时间是刺激与环境直立方向距离的线性函数，而当观察者头部倾斜45度时，倾斜和垂直刺激的编码时间没有差异，并且比编码水平刺激的时间更快。我们将这些数据解释为意味着观察者要么将物体的顶部旋转到环境直立方向，要么将其作为参照，并且当他们自己或物体不直立时，他们可以使用重力或视网膜参照系来做到这一点。
