O'Connell K A
University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City, USA.
Nurs Outlook. 1996 Mar-Apr;44(2):94-8. doi: 10.1016/s0029-6554(96)80057-1.
Philosophical explanations of the phenomenon of akrasia have been used in this article to characterize some of the difficulties involved in successful behavior change. The theory of psychological reversals provides a framework for understanding various types of akratic behavior. In addition, empirical research on the temptations of persons trying to quit smoking has supported hypotheses generated by the theory. The theory suggests that resisting the temptation to engage in akratic behavior is a complex phenomenon. Different strategies are needed in different types of metamotivational states. Reversal theory provides a coherent system for understanding and predicting akratic behavior. It suggests possible interventions that would improve the probability of circumventing akrasia and that would improve behavior change efforts of nurses engaged in health-promotion and disease-prevention activities.
本文运用了对意志薄弱现象的哲学解释，来描述成功行为改变过程中涉及的一些困难。心理反转理论为理解各种类型的意志薄弱行为提供了一个框架。此外，针对试图戒烟者的诱惑所开展的实证研究，支持了该理论所提出的假设。该理论表明，抵制陷入意志薄弱行为的诱惑是一个复杂的现象。在不同类型的元动机状态下需要不同的策略。反转理论为理解和预测意志薄弱行为提供了一个连贯的体系。它提出了一些可能的干预措施，这些措施将提高规避意志薄弱的可能性，并改善从事健康促进和疾病预防活动的护士的行为改变努力。
