O'Connell Kathleen A, Schwartz Joseph E, Shiffman Saul
Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College-Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2008 Dec;22(4):486-95. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.22.4.486.
A resource depletion model of self-control posits that for some period following performance of a task requiring self-control, self-control will be reduced and thus less available for use in a subsequent task. Using 2 substantial data sets collected in real time from individuals who were trying to quit smoking (1,660 and 9,516 temptation episodes collected from 61 and 248 individuals, respectively), we evaluated this model by testing the hypotheses that the number and length of resisted temptations and the intensity of the most recently reported urge during the prior 4 hr predict decreased self-control and increased likelihood of lapsing. Survival and multilevel regression modeling showed that contrary to the hypothesis, the number of recently resisted temptations predicted a lower risk of lapsing in both samples. Duration of resisted temptations had no significant effect in either sample. Intensity of most recently reported urge predicted lapsing in 1 data set but not in the other. Overall, there was little support for the resource depletion model. The protective effect of successfully resisting temptations was an unexpected but provocative finding.
自我控制的资源耗竭模型假定，在执行一项需要自我控制的任务后的一段时间内，自我控制能力会下降，因此在后续任务中可利用的自我控制能力也会减少。我们使用从试图戒烟的个体实时收集的两个大量数据集（分别从61名和248名个体收集到1660次和9516次诱惑事件），通过检验以下假设来评估该模型：在前4小时内抵制诱惑的次数和时长以及最近报告的冲动强度可预测自我控制能力下降和复吸可能性增加。生存分析和多层回归建模表明，与假设相反，最近抵制诱惑的次数在两个样本中均预测较低的复吸风险。抵制诱惑的时长在两个样本中均无显著影响。最近报告的冲动强度在一个数据集中可预测复吸，但在另一个数据集中则不然。总体而言，几乎没有证据支持资源耗竭模型。成功抵制诱惑的保护作用是一个意外但引人深思的发现。
