Flynn B C
Indiana University School of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Center in Healthy Cities, Indianapolis 46202-5107, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 1996;17:299-309. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.001503.
Healthy Cities is a community problem-solving process for health promotion that began in Canada and Europe in the mid-1980s. Although Healthy Cities have expanded worldwide, there is limited scientific literature that documents the effects of these efforts. This review describes the dynamic status of Healthy Cities globally and summarizes what is known about these efforts. It is difficult to draw generalizations or clear differences between Healthy Cities and other efforts with similar objectives in the United States. There appears to be less variation among Healthy Cities in Europe, most likely because of the extensive technical support provided by the WHO European Regional Office to the Healthy Cities Project. Case descriptions present the diversity and types of activities of Healthy Cities. It is concluded that community participation and broad involvement from different sectors of the community are promising approaches to addressing urban problems.
健康城市是始于20世纪80年代中期加拿大和欧洲的促进健康的社区问题解决过程。尽管健康城市已在全球范围内扩展，但记录这些努力效果的科学文献有限。本综述描述了全球健康城市的动态状况，并总结了关于这些努力的已知情况。在美国，很难对健康城市与其他具有类似目标的努力进行概括或明确区分。欧洲的健康城市之间似乎差异较小，这很可能是因为世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处为健康城市项目提供了广泛的技术支持。案例描述展示了健康城市活动的多样性和类型。得出的结论是，社区参与和社区不同部门的广泛参与是解决城市问题的有前景的方法。
