Sonnenfeld G, Davis S, Taylor G R, Mandel A D, Konstantinova I V, Lesnyak A, Fuchs B B, Peres C, Tkackzuk J, Schmitt D A
Department of General Surgery Research, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232-2861, USA.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1996 May;16(5):409-15. doi: 10.1089/jir.1996.16.409.
During a recent flight of a Russian satellite (Cosmos #2229), initial experiments examining the effects of space flight on immunologic responses of rhesus monkeys were performed to gain insight into the effect of space flight on resistance to infection. Experiments were performed on tissue samples taken from the monkeys before and immediately after flight. Additional samples were obtained approximately 1 month after flight for a postflight restraint study. Two types of experiments were carried out throughout this study. The first experiment determined the ability of leukocytes to produce interleukin-1 and to express interleukin-2 receptors. The second experiment examined the responsiveness of rhesus bone marrow cells to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Human reagents that cross-reacted with monkey tissue were utilized for the bulk of the studies. Results from both studies indicated that there were changes in immunologic function attributable to space flight. Interleukin-1 production and the expression of interleukin-2 receptors was decreased after space flight. Bone marrow cells from flight monkeys showed a significant decrease in their response to GM-CSF compared with the response of bone marrow cells from nonflight control monkeys. These results suggest that the rhesus monkey may be a useful surrogate for humans in future studies that examine the effect of space flight on immune response, particularly when conditions do not readily permit human study.
在俄罗斯一颗卫星（宇宙2229号）最近的一次飞行中，进行了初步实验，研究太空飞行对恒河猴免疫反应的影响，以便深入了解太空飞行对感染抵抗力的影响。实验针对飞行前和刚飞行后的猴子组织样本进行。飞行约1个月后还获取了额外样本，用于飞行后限制研究。在整个研究过程中进行了两种类型的实验。第一个实验确定白细胞产生白细胞介素-1和表达白细胞介素-2受体的能力。第二个实验检测恒河猴骨髓细胞对重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）的反应性。大部分研究使用了与猴组织发生交叉反应的人类试剂。两项研究的结果均表明，太空飞行会导致免疫功能发生变化。太空飞行后白细胞介素-1的产生和白细胞介素-2受体的表达均下降。与未飞行的对照猴子的骨髓细胞反应相比，飞行猴子的骨髓细胞对GM-CSF的反应显著降低。这些结果表明，在未来研究太空飞行对免疫反应的影响时，恒河猴可能是人类的一种有用替代物，特别是在条件不便于进行人体研究时。
