Verhoeff A P, Hoek G, Schwartz J, van Wijnen J H
Department of Environmental Medicine, Amsterdam Municipal Health Service, The Netherlands.
Epidemiology. 1996 May;7(3):225-30. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199605000-00002.
Few data are available on the association between the present low levels of air pollution in Western Europe and mortality. Daily mortality counts and the concentrations of black smoke, inhalable particles (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were available for Amsterdam from 1986 to 1992. We used Poisson regression analysis to control for seasonal and other long-term temporal patterns. Black smoke and PM10 were positively associated with increased risk of mortality. The relative risk for a 100-micrograms per m3 increase in black smoke on the same day was 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.38], and that for a 100-micrograms per m3 increase in PM10 was 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99-1.14). The relative risk for individuals over 64 years of age was higher. We found no consistent association between the levels of SO2 or CO and daily mortality, but ozone lagged 2 days was positively associated with daily mortality. The effect of particulates on acute mortality was independent of these pollutants. The results of the present study are consistent with the relation reported between particulate air pollution and daily mortality in other communities in Europe and the United States.
关于西欧目前低水平空气污染与死亡率之间的关联，可用数据较少。1986年至1992年期间可获取阿姆斯特丹的每日死亡人数以及黑烟、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、二氧化硫（SO2）、一氧化碳（CO）和臭氧（O3）的浓度。我们使用泊松回归分析来控制季节性和其他长期时间模式。黑烟和PM10与死亡率风险增加呈正相关。当日黑烟每立方米增加100微克时的相对风险为1.19[95%置信区间（CI）=1.02 - 1.38]，PM10每立方米增加100微克时的相对风险为1.06（95%CI = 0.99 - 1.14）。64岁以上个体的相对风险更高。我们未发现SO2或CO水平与每日死亡率之间存在一致关联，但滞后2天的臭氧与每日死亡率呈正相关。颗粒物对急性死亡率的影响独立于这些污染物。本研究结果与欧洲和美国其他社区报告的颗粒物空气污染与每日死亡率之间的关系一致。
