Mertens J R, Moos R H, Brennan P L
Center for Health Care Evaluation, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Apr;20(2):313-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01645.x.
This study examined mortality risk for individuals in four alcohol consumption categories and identified life context and coping factors that independently predicted mortality among late-middle-aged drinkers and former drinkers (n = 1869). Compared with light drinkers, former drinkers (current abstainers) were at increased mortality risk; moderate drinkers were at decreased risk. Consistent with previous research on older samples, heavy drinkers were not at increased risk. Abstainers' increased risk was reduced in a model that controlled for life context and coping factors. Other independent predictors of mortality included reporting an illness stressor, stressor severity, less participation in activities with friends, greater use of resigned acceptance and alternative rewards coping, and less use of cognitive avoidance and emotional discharge coping. The findings support previous research on the alcohol-mortality relationship among older adults, and highlight the fact that abstainers' life stressors and avoidance coping responses may be more important predictors of their mortality than their abstention.
本研究调查了四类饮酒人群的死亡风险，并确定了独立预测中老年饮酒者和既往饮酒者（n = 1869）死亡率的生活背景和应对因素。与轻度饮酒者相比，既往饮酒者（目前戒酒者）的死亡风险增加；中度饮酒者的风险降低。与之前对老年样本的研究一致，重度饮酒者的风险并未增加。在控制了生活背景和应对因素的模型中，戒酒者增加的风险有所降低。其他独立的死亡预测因素包括报告疾病应激源、应激源严重程度、较少参与与朋友的活动、更多地使用顺从接受和替代奖励应对方式，以及较少使用认知回避和情绪宣泄应对方式。这些发现支持了之前关于老年人酒精与死亡率关系的研究，并突出了一个事实，即戒酒者的生活应激源和回避应对反应可能比他们的戒酒行为更能预测其死亡率。
