Allen S E, Crago M B
Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
J Child Lang. 1996 Feb;23(1):129-55. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900010126.
Passive structures are typically assumed to be one of the later acquired constructions in child language. English-speaking children have been shown to produce and comprehend their first simple passive structures productively by about age four and to master more complex structures by about age nine. Recent crosslinguistic data have shown that this pattern may not hold across languages of varying structures. This paper presents data from four Inuit children aged 2;0 to 3;6 that shows relatively early acquisition of both simple and complex forms of the passive. Within this age range children are productively producing truncated, full, action and experiential passives. Some possible reasons for this precociousness are explored including adult input and language structure.
被动结构通常被认为是儿童语言中较晚习得的结构之一。研究表明,说英语的儿童大约在四岁时就能有效地产出和理解他们的第一个简单被动结构,并在大约九岁时掌握更复杂的结构。最近的跨语言数据表明,这种模式在不同结构的语言中可能并不适用。本文展示了来自四名年龄在2岁0个月至3岁6个月的因纽特儿童的数据,这些数据表明他们相对较早地习得了简单和复杂形式的被动结构。在这个年龄范围内,儿童能够有效地产出缩略、完整、动作和体验性被动结构。本文探讨了造成这种早熟现象的一些可能原因,包括成人输入和语言结构。