Ribeyre J, Fellmann N, Montaurier C, Delaître M, Vernet J, Coudert J, Vermorel M
Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Br J Nutr. 2000 Apr;83(4):355-62.
The objectives of the present study were to determine whether differences in usual physical activity affect BMR, sleeping energy expenditure (EE), and EE during seated activities between athletic and non-athletic adolescents, and to establish individual relationships between heart rate and EE. Adolescents (n 49, four groups of eleven to fifteen boys or girls aged 16-19 years) participated in the study. Body composition was measured by the skinfold-thickness method and maximum O2 consumption (VO2max) by a direct method (respiratory gas exchange) on a cycloergometer. The subjects each spent 36 h in one of two large whole-body calorimeters. They followed a standardized activity programme including two periods of exercise simulating their mean weekly physical activities. Fat-free mass (FFM), VO2max, daily EE and EE during sleep and seated activities were significantly higher in athletic than in non-athletic subjects of both sexes. VO2max, daily EE and EE during exercise adjusted for FFM were higher in athletic than in non-athletic adolescents (P < 0.001), whereas sleeping EE, BMR and EE during seated activities and adjusted for FFM were not significantly different between athletic and non-athletic adolescents. However, sex differences in EE remained significant. Thus, differences in EE between athletic and non-athletic adolescents resulted mainly from differences in FFM and physical exercise. Usual activity did not significantly affect energy utilization of substrates. Finally, individual relationships were computed between heart rate and EE with activity programmes simulating the usual activities of athletic and non-athletic adolescents with the goal of predicting EE of the same subjects in free-living conditions.
本研究的目的是确定日常身体活动的差异是否会影响运动型和非运动型青少年之间的基础代谢率（BMR）、睡眠能量消耗（EE）以及久坐活动期间的能量消耗，并建立心率与能量消耗之间的个体关系。青少年（n = 49，分为四组，每组11至15名16 - 19岁的男孩或女孩）参与了该研究。通过皮褶厚度法测量身体成分，通过在自行车测力计上采用直接法（呼吸气体交换）测量最大耗氧量（VO2max）。受试者分别在两个大型全身热量计中的一个中度过36小时。他们遵循标准化的活动计划，包括两个模拟其平均每周体育活动的运动阶段。在男女运动型受试者中，无脂肪量（FFM）、VO2max、每日能量消耗以及睡眠和久坐活动期间的能量消耗均显著高于非运动型受试者。调整FFM后，运动型青少年在运动期间的VO2max、每日能量消耗和能量消耗高于非运动型青少年（P < 0.001），而运动型和非运动型青少年在睡眠能量消耗、基础代谢率以及久坐活动期间并经FFM调整后的能量消耗无显著差异。然而，能量消耗的性别差异仍然显著。因此，运动型和非运动型青少年之间能量消耗的差异主要源于FFM和体育锻炼的差异。日常活动并未显著影响底物的能量利用。最后，通过模拟运动型和非运动型青少年日常活动的活动计划，计算心率与能量消耗之间的个体关系，目的是预测相同受试者在自由生活条件下的能量消耗。
