Monto A S, Terpenning M S
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Drugs Aging. 1996 Jun;8(6):445-51. doi: 10.2165/00002512-199608060-00006.
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines have been available for decades and have repeatedly been shown to be efficacious in healthy adults. However, for both vaccines, efficacy in high risk populations and older individuals does not seem to be as great, leading to reluctance to use them as recommended. Recent observational studies in older individuals have confirmed and quantified the effectiveness of the 2 vaccines in situations of actual use. Economic data indicate that under realistic situations they are likely to reduce costs for healthcare systems. Societal benefits are now also established. While it may be useful to confirm the cost savings in additional systems of healthcare, the current emphasis should be to devise strategies to increase use of the vaccines.
流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗已经问世数十年，并且反复证明对健康成年人有效。然而，对于这两种疫苗，在高危人群和老年人中的效力似乎没那么显著，导致人们不愿按推荐使用它们。近期针对老年人的观察性研究已经证实并量化了这两种疫苗在实际使用情况下的有效性。经济数据表明，在现实情况下它们可能会降低医疗系统的成本。现在社会收益也已明确。虽然在其他医疗系统中确认成本节约可能有用，但当前的重点应该是制定策略以增加疫苗的使用。
