Shide D J, Rolls B J
Nutrition Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Sep;95(9):993-8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00273-1.
This study tested the hypothesis that the perceived fat content of a preload (a required first course) influences subsequent food and energy intake.
Forty-eight healthy, nondieting women (24 restrained, 24 unrestrained) were given a fixed amount (350 g) of three different yogurts (low-fat, low-calorie; low-fat, high-calorie; high-fat, high-calorie), or no yogurt, followed by lunch (30 minutes after the yogurt preload was served) and dinner (4.5 hours later). Each subject was tested in all four conditions in a counterbalanced design. Half of the subjects received accurate information, in the form of a label, about the fat content of the yogurts, which did not necessarily correspond to energy content; the other half received no information.
Energy intake, the percentage of macronutrients in the meals, and subjective sensations of hunger and satiety were analyzed.
No effect of restraint was noted in the intake analyses. A significant information-by-preload interaction (P < .05) was found. Subjects who had information consumed more energy at lunch after eating a preload labeled low fat than after eating a preload with similar energy content but labeled high fat. The opposite response was seen in women who did not receive information. When energy consumed at dinner was included in the analyses, overall intake was still significantly greater in the women who received information and ate a low-fat preload. No differences were found in the percentage of macronutrients selected or in subjective sensations after consumption of any of the preloads.
Messages about the fat content of a food can influence energy intake in healthy women.
本研究检验了这样一个假设，即预负荷（规定的第一道菜）的感知脂肪含量会影响随后的食物和能量摄入量。
48名健康、非节食的女性（24名节食者，24名非节食者）被给予固定量（350克）的三种不同酸奶（低脂、低热量；低脂、高热量；高脂、高热量），或不给予酸奶，随后是午餐（在提供酸奶预负荷30分钟后）和晚餐（4.5小时后）。每个受试者在所有四种条件下以平衡设计进行测试。一半的受试者以标签的形式收到了关于酸奶脂肪含量的准确信息，该信息不一定与能量含量相对应；另一半受试者没有收到任何信息。
分析了能量摄入量、餐食中宏量营养素的百分比以及饥饿和饱腹感的主观感受。
在摄入量分析中未发现节食的影响。发现了信息与预负荷之间的显著交互作用（P < 0.05）。收到信息的受试者在食用标有低脂的预负荷后午餐时摄入的能量比食用能量含量相似但标有高脂的预负荷后更多。在未收到信息的女性中观察到相反的反应。当将晚餐时消耗的能量纳入分析时，收到信息并食用低脂预负荷的女性的总体摄入量仍然显著更高。在选择的宏量营养素百分比或食用任何一种预负荷后的主观感受方面未发现差异。
关于食物脂肪含量的信息会影响健康女性的能量摄入。
