Freeman V, Rotimi C, Cooper R
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;12(3):177-85.
During the last decade, the decline in cardiovascular disease mortality slowed among African Americans, compared to the general population. Hypertension control is likely to play an important role in determining these trends. The Maywood Cardiovascular Survey provides estimates of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among African Americans. Between 1991 and 1993, we conducted a cardiovascular disease survey among 1,524 African Americans living in the Chicago suburb of Maywood, Illinois. Estimates of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension (defined as blood pressure [BP] > or = 140/90 mm Hg or self-reported taking of antihypertensive medications) were calculated and compared to U.S. population estimates for African Americans from NHANES II and III. The prevalence of hypertension in our sample was 32.7% (30.3, 35.1). After age-adjustment to the U.S. population, prevalence was 29.9% (27.9, 31.9), which is nonsignificantly lower than that reported for African Americans in NHANES III (32.4% [30.2, 34.6]). Awareness, pharmacologic treatment, and control on pharmacologic treatment were 81%, 56%, and 55%, respectively. These estimates are, respectively, 15%, 27%, and 42% higher than NHANES II and 7%, 9%, and 11% higher than NHANES III. Nonpharmacologic treatment alone may have accounted for up to 34% of hypertension control overall. Among previously diagnosed hypertensive subjects, risk factors for being untreated were male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3 [1.3, 21.3]) and age < 45 years (OR = 3.8 [1.1, 12.8]), and for being uncontrolled was age > or = 65 years (OR = 1.9 [1.1, 3.0]). Rates of hypertension awareness, pharmacologic treatment, and control on pharmacologic treatment are higher in this sample of African Americans than among African Americans in NHANES II and are comparable to those in NHANES III. The impact of nonpharmacologic treatments on control needs further consideration. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): hypertension, nonpharmacologic treatment, African-American males.
在过去十年中，与普通人群相比，非裔美国人心血管疾病死亡率的下降速度有所放缓。高血压控制可能在决定这些趋势方面发挥重要作用。梅伍德心血管疾病调查提供了非裔美国人高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率的估计数据。1991年至1993年期间，我们对居住在伊利诺伊州梅伍德芝加哥郊区的1524名非裔美国人进行了心血管疾病调查。计算了高血压（定义为血压[BP]≥140/90 mmHg或自述正在服用抗高血压药物）的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率，并与美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）II和III中针对非裔美国人的全国估计数据进行了比较。我们样本中的高血压患病率为32.7%（30.3，35.1）。在根据美国人口进行年龄调整后，患病率为29.9%（27.9，31.9），略低于NHANES III中报告的非裔美国人患病率（32.4%[30.2，34.6]），但差异无统计学意义。知晓率、药物治疗率和药物治疗控制率分别为81%、56%和55%。这些估计值分别比NHANES II高15%、27%和42%，比NHANES III高7%、9%和11%。单纯非药物治疗可能占总体高血压控制的比例高达34%。在先前诊断为高血压的受试者中，未接受治疗的危险因素为男性（比值比[OR]=5.3[1.3，21.3]）和年龄<45岁（OR=3.8[1.1，12.8]），而未得到控制的危险因素为年龄≥65岁（OR=1.9[1.1，3.0]）。在这个非裔美国人样本中，高血压知晓率、药物治疗率和药物治疗控制率高于NHANES II中的非裔美国人，与NHANES III中的情况相当。非药物治疗对控制的影响需要进一步考虑。医学主题词（MeSH）：高血压、非药物治疗、非裔美国男性。
