Nikulin M, Lappalainen S, Pasanen A L, Laamanen I, Veijalainen P, Berg S, Hintikka E L
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Nat Toxins. 1996;4(3):117-21. doi: 10.1002/19960403nt3.
Growth and toxin production of a highly toxic strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb were studied on oat and wheat grains and on straw under experimental conditions, in which relative humidity (RH) of air was regulated. The materials were incubated at three different RH levels at a range of 84-100%. F. sporotrichioides grew well on oat and wheat grains at RH 97-100% but grew less well at RH 84-88% and on straw. Toxin production was measured with three biological toxicity tests (cytotoxicity test, dermotoxicity test, and yeast cell toxicity test), with chemical analysis, and T-2 ELISA assay. Cytotoxicity and production of trichothecene mycotoxins were detected in all the samples incubated at all three RH levels. On oat and wheat grains, T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and diacetoxyscirpenol were found, and on straw T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and T-2 tetraol were determined. In the T-2 ELISA assay, all material samples were found to contain T-2 toxin. The cytotoxicity test was the most sensitive method for detecting biological toxicity of samples inoculated with fungus. The T-2 ELISA assay and chemical analysis were about equally sensitive to detect T-2 toxin in samples.
在可控空气相对湿度（RH）的实验条件下，研究了剧毒型拟分枝孢镰刀菌（Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb）在燕麦、小麦籽粒及秸秆上的生长和毒素产生情况。将材料在84%-100%的三个不同RH水平下培养。拟分枝孢镰刀菌在RH 97%-100%的燕麦和小麦籽粒上生长良好，但在RH 84%-88%时生长较差，在秸秆上生长也较差。通过三种生物毒性试验（细胞毒性试验、皮肤毒性试验和酵母细胞毒性试验）、化学分析以及T-2酶联免疫吸附测定法来测定毒素产生情况。在所有三个RH水平下培养的所有样品中均检测到细胞毒性和单端孢霉烯族霉菌毒素的产生。在燕麦和小麦籽粒上，发现了T-2毒素、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇和二醋酸藨草镰刀菌烯醇，在秸秆上测定到了T-2毒素、HT-2毒素、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇和T-2四醇。在T-2酶联免疫吸附测定法中，发现所有材料样品均含有T-2毒素。细胞毒性试验是检测接种真菌样品生物毒性的最灵敏方法。T-2酶联免疫吸附测定法和化学分析在检测样品中T-2毒素方面的灵敏度大致相同。
