Kere N K, Arabola A, Bakote'e B, Qalo O, Burkot T R, Webber R H, Southgate B A
Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, U.K.
Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Apr;10(2):145-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00720.x.
A field trial compared DDT house-spraying with permethrin-impregnated bednets for malaria control in Solomon Islands from 1987 to 1991. Mortality-rates of malaria vector Anopheles farauti in exit window traps were 11.6% from an untreated hut, 10.1% from a hut sprayed with DDT 2 g/m2, and 98% of those from a hut in which the occupants used bednets treated with permethrin 0.5 g/m2. Since bioassays of the DDT-sprayed walls (15 min exposure in W.H.O. standard test cones) gave 77% mortality of An.farauti, it was concluded that the insignificant impact of DDT could be explained by the exophilic behaviour of endophagic vectors, whereas the greater impact of permethrin was attributed to the more effective exposure of An.farauti females to the impregnated bednets-attracted by the occupants. The parous rate was higher indoors, except in the area with permethrin-impregnated bednets. It was therefore concluded that permethrin-impregnated bednets reduced the mean longevity of An.farauti and hence its vectorial capacity. The circumsporozoite (CS) antigen positivity rate of An.farauti in the DDT area was 0.18% outdoors, significantly less than 1.42% indoors. In the comparison area CS rates were 0.65% outdoors and 0.75% indoors. CS antigen was not detected in An.farauti from the bednet area, indicating the apparent prevention of malaria transmission. As DDT spraying was so much less effective, it was discontinued in 1993 and permethrin-impregnated bednets are now the principal malaria control method in Solomon Islands.
1987年至1991年，在所罗门群岛进行了一项实地试验，比较了用滴滴涕喷洒房屋与使用浸有氯菊酯的蚊帐来控制疟疾的效果。在出口窗口诱捕器中，未处理小屋内的疟疾媒介法氏按蚊死亡率为11.6%，喷洒2克/平方米滴滴涕的小屋内为10.1%，而居住者使用浸有0.5克/平方米氯菊酯蚊帐的小屋内，法氏按蚊死亡率为98%。由于对喷洒滴滴涕的墙壁进行生物测定（在世界卫生组织标准测试锥体中暴露15分钟），法氏按蚊的死亡率为77%，因此得出结论，滴滴涕影响不显著可归因于嗜外性内食性媒介的行为，而氯菊酯影响更大则归因于法氏按蚊雌蚊更有效地接触到被居住者吸引的浸药蚊帐。除了使用浸有氯菊酯蚊帐的地区外，室内的经产率更高。因此得出结论，浸有氯菊酯的蚊帐降低了法氏按蚊的平均寿命，从而降低了其传病能力。在滴滴涕喷洒地区，室外法氏按蚊的环孢子虫（CS）抗原阳性率为0.18%，显著低于室内的1.42%。在对照地区，室外CS率为0.65%，室内为0.75%。在蚊帐地区的法氏按蚊中未检测到CS抗原，这表明疟疾传播明显得到了预防。由于喷洒滴滴涕效果差得多，1993年停止了喷洒，浸有氯菊酯的蚊帐现在是所罗门群岛控制疟疾的主要方法。
