Stokols D, Pelletier K R, Fielding J E
School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine 92717, USA.
Health Educ Q. 1996 May;23(2):137-58. doi: 10.1177/109019819602300202.
This article identifies new research and policy directions for the field of worksite health in the context of the changing American workplace. These directions are viewed from an ecological perspective on worksite health and are organized around three major themes: (1) the joint influence of physical and social environmental factors on occupational health, (2) the effects of nonoccupational settings (e.g., households, the health care system) on employee well-being and the implications of recent changes in these settings for worksite health programs, and (3) methodological issues in the design and evaluation of worksite health programs. Developments in these areas suggest that the field of worksite health may be undergoing a fundamental paradigm shift away from individually oriented wellness programs (provided at the worksite and aimed primarily at changing employees' health behavior) and toward broader formulations emphasizing the joint impact of the physical and social environment at work, job-person fit, and work policies on employee well-being.
本文在不断变化的美国工作场所背景下，确定了工作场所健康领域的新研究和政策方向。这些方向是从工作场所健康的生态视角来看待的，并围绕三个主要主题展开：（1）物理和社会环境因素对职业健康的共同影响；（2）非职业环境（如家庭、医疗保健系统）对员工福祉的影响以及这些环境近期变化对工作场所健康计划的影响；（3）工作场所健康计划设计和评估中的方法学问题。这些领域的发展表明，工作场所健康领域可能正在经历一场根本性的范式转变，从以个人为导向的健康计划（在工作场所提供，主要旨在改变员工的健康行为）转向更广泛的表述，强调工作中的物理和社会环境、工作与个人匹配度以及工作政策对员工福祉的共同影响。
