Guerin Rebecca J, Sleet David A
Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio.
San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2020 Jan 20;15(3):269-278. doi: 10.1177/1559827619896979. eCollection 2021 May-Jun.
Work-related morbidity and mortality are persistent public health problems across all US industrial sectors, including health care. People employed in health care and social services are at high risk for experiencing injuries and illnesses related to their work. Social and behavioral science theories can be useful tools for designing interventions to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses and can provide a roadmap for investigating the multilevel factors that may hinder or promote worker safety and health. Specifically, individual-level behavioral change theories can be useful in evaluating the proximal, person-related antecedents (such as perceived behavioral control) that influence work safety outcomes. This article (1) provides a brief overview of widely used, individual-level behavior change theories and examples of their application to occupational safety and health (OSH)-related interventions that involve the health care community; (2) introduces an integrated theory of behavior change and its application to promoting the OSH of health care workers; and (3) discusses opportunities for application of individual-level behavior change theory to OSH research and practice activities involving health care workers. The use of behavioral science to consider the role of individual behaviors in promoting health and preventing disease and injury provides a necessary complement to structural approaches to protecting workers in the health care industry.
与工作相关的发病率和死亡率是美国所有工业部门（包括医疗保健行业）长期存在的公共卫生问题。受雇于医疗保健和社会服务行业的人员面临与工作相关的受伤和患病的高风险。社会和行为科学理论可以成为设计预防工作场所受伤和患病干预措施的有用工具，并可为调查可能阻碍或促进工人安全与健康的多层次因素提供路线图。具体而言，个体层面的行为改变理论有助于评估影响工作安全结果的近端、与个人相关的先行因素（如感知行为控制）。本文（1）简要概述广泛使用的个体层面行为改变理论及其在涉及医疗保健领域的职业安全与健康（OSH）相关干预措施中的应用实例；（2）介绍一种行为改变综合理论及其在促进医护人员职业安全与健康方面的应用；（3）讨论个体层面行为改变理论在涉及医护人员的职业安全与健康研究及实践活动中的应用机会。运用行为科学来考量个体行为在促进健康以及预防疾病和伤害方面的作用，为保护医疗保健行业工人的结构性方法提供了必要补充。
