Bastie A, Pawlotsky J M, Roudot-Thoraval F, Dhumeaux D
Service d'Hépatologie et de Gastroentérologie, Université Paris XII, CRETEIL, France.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1995 Oct;43(8):674-80.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission is parenteral in 60 to 70% of cases, related either to blood transfusion or to intravenous drug use. Minor routes of infection have also been identified: sexual transmission, intrafamilial transmission, mother-to-infant transmission. In 30 to 40% of cases, no obvious risk factor for HCV contamination can be identified. Subjects at risk for HCV infection are patients who received transfusions of blood or blood products, hemophiliacs, patients under renal dialysis, patients who underwent organ transplantation, intravenous drug users and, to a lesser extent, healthcare workers. HCV is present everywhere in the world. The prevalence of HCV markers varies from 0.5% in Scandinavia or Switzerland to more than 5% in some developing countries. This prevalence is about 1% in France. The study of HCV genotypes shows that their distribution varies according to geographical localization and that some genotypes are associated with special routes of contamination.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）传播在60%至70%的病例中为肠道外传播，与输血或静脉注射毒品有关。也已确定了一些次要感染途径：性传播、家庭内传播、母婴传播。在30%至40%的病例中，无法确定明显的HCV感染危险因素。HCV感染的高危人群包括接受过输血或血液制品的患者、血友病患者、接受肾透析的患者、接受器官移植的患者、静脉注射毒品使用者，以及在较小程度上包括医护人员。HCV在世界各地均有存在。HCV标志物的流行率在斯堪的纳维亚或瑞士为0.5%，在一些发展中国家则超过5%。在法国，这一流行率约为1%。对HCV基因型的研究表明，它们的分布因地理位置而异，并且一些基因型与特殊的感染途径有关。
