McGue M, Sharma A, Benson P
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1996 Jan;57(1):8-18. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1996.57.8.
Although adolescent alcohol use has been consistently associated with parental drinking behavior, sibling drinking behavior and family functioning, the extent to which these associations owe to genetic or shared environmental influences has not been previously investigated. Using an adoption study design, we sought to determine whether the familial correlates of adolescent alcohol involvement were due to common genetic or common environmental effects.
The sample consisted of 653 adopted families ascertained through adoption agencies in four U.S. states. Each family consisted of a target adopted adolescent, an adoptive mother and an adoptive father. In addition, 68 birth adolescents (i.e., biological offspring of the adoptive parents) and 187 second adopted adolescents from these families participated in the study. All participants completed a mail survey that included assessment of drinking behavior and family functioning.
The relationship between parental problem drinking and adolescent alcohol involvement was moderate and significant among birth offspring (corrected multiple correlation, Rc = .30), but small and non-significant among adoptive offspring (Rc = .00). The relationship between adolescent alcohol involvement and family functioning was substantial for birth offspring (Rc = .39), but only modest for adoptive offspring (Rc = .16). The nonbiological sibling correlation for involvement with alcohol was significant (r = .24) and moderated by sibling pair demographic similarity, such that same-sex, similar-age siblings were substantially more similar (r = .45) than opposite-sex, dissimilar-aged siblings (r = .01).
These findings suggest that adolescent alcohol use is affected minimally by the environmental consequences of parent problem drinking and family functioning, but substantially by sibling environmental effects.
虽然青少年饮酒一直与父母饮酒行为、兄弟姐妹饮酒行为及家庭功能有关，但此前尚未研究这些关联在多大程度上归因于遗传或共同环境影响。我们采用收养研究设计，试图确定青少年饮酒相关的家族因素是由于共同的遗传效应还是共同的环境效应。
样本包括通过美国四个州的收养机构确定的653个收养家庭。每个家庭由一名目标收养青少年、一名养母和一名养父组成。此外，这些家庭中的68名亲生青少年（即养父母的亲生孩子）和187名第二代收养青少年参与了研究。所有参与者都完成了一项邮寄调查，其中包括对饮酒行为和家庭功能的评估。
在亲生子女中，父母问题饮酒与青少年饮酒之间的关系中等且显著（校正多重相关系数，Rc = 0.30），但在收养子女中关系较小且不显著（Rc = 0.00）。青少年饮酒与家庭功能之间的关系在亲生子女中较为显著（Rc = 0.39），但在收养子女中仅为中等程度（Rc = 0.16）。非亲生兄弟姐妹之间的饮酒相关系数显著（r = 0.24），且受兄弟姐妹对人口统计学相似性的调节，即同性、年龄相近的兄弟姐妹比异性、年龄不同的兄弟姐妹更为相似（r = 0.45比r = 0.01）。
这些发现表明，青少年饮酒受父母问题饮酒和家庭功能的环境影响最小，但受兄弟姐妹环境影响较大。
