Dubois B, Pillon B
Fédération de Neurologie and INSERM U 289, Hopital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France.
J Neural Transm Suppl. 1995;45:27-34.
Cognitive changes have long been observed in patients with Parkinson's disease: visuo-spatial deficits, memory disorders, dysexecutive syndrome. Given the modulatory role of the basal ganglia and related structures, these deficits might result from more fundamental disorders concerning the allocation of attentional resources, the temporal organization of behavior, the maintenance of representations in working memory or the self-elaboration of internal strategy, all of which resemble dysfunctions of processes that are commonly considered to be controlled by the frontal lobes. This suggests a functional continuity between the basal ganglia and association areas of the prefrontal cortex. The recent description in primates of parallel, segregated loops that interconnect well defined subregions of the basal ganglia to discrete areas of the prefrontal cortex via the thalamus may give some support to this hypothesis.
长期以来，帕金森病患者身上一直观察到认知变化：视觉空间缺陷、记忆障碍、执行功能障碍综合征。鉴于基底神经节及相关结构的调节作用，这些缺陷可能源于更基本的紊乱，涉及注意力资源分配、行为的时间组织、工作记忆中表征的维持或内部策略的自我制定，所有这些都类似于通常被认为由额叶控制的过程的功能障碍。这表明基底神经节与前额叶皮层联合区之间存在功能连续性。最近在灵长类动物中描述的平行、分离的环路，通过丘脑将基底神经节明确界定的子区域与前额叶皮层的离散区域相互连接，可能为这一假设提供一些支持。
