Manza L, Bornstein R F
Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania 17325, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 1995 Dec;4(4):399-409. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1995.1047.
A modified version of the mere exposure effect paradigm was utilized in an implicit artificial grammar learning task in an attempt to develop a procedure that would be more sensitive in assesing nonconscious learning processes than the methods currently utilized within the field of implicit learning. Subjects were presented with stimuli generated from a finite-state artificial grammar and then had to either (a) decide if novel items conformed to the rule structure of the grammar or (b) rate the degree to which they liked novel items. Because the latter task was the more indirect of the two procedures, subjects' ability to discriminate between well-formed and ill-formed items on this liking task was taken as a more sensitive piece of evidence of implicit learning, compared to performance on the rule conformity task. A subsequent test of subjects' explicit knowledge of the rules of the grammar showed that subjects do have some conscious knowledge of the artificial grammar, but subjects initially making liking decisions exhibited significantly less conscious rule knowledge than subjects initially making rule-conformity judgments. The findings are discussed in relation to the synergistic relationships among implicit perception, implicit memory, and implicit learning processes.
在一项内隐人工语法学习任务中，采用了单纯曝光效应范式的一种改进版本，试图开发一种比内隐学习领域目前使用的方法在评估非意识学习过程方面更敏感的程序。向受试者呈现由有限状态人工语法生成的刺激，然后受试者必须要么（a）判断新刺激是否符合语法的规则结构，要么（b）对他们对新刺激的喜欢程度进行评分。由于后一种任务在这两种程序中更间接，与在规则符合任务中的表现相比，受试者在这项喜好任务中区分符合语法和不符合语法刺激的能力被视为内隐学习更敏感的证据。随后对受试者关于语法规则的显性知识进行的测试表明，受试者确实对人工语法有一些意识知识，但最初做出喜好决定的受试者表现出的意识规则知识明显少于最初做出规则符合判断的受试者。结合内隐感知、内隐记忆和内隐学习过程之间的协同关系对研究结果进行了讨论。
