Rowe M I, Arango A, Allington G
J Trauma. 1977 Aug;17(8):587-91. doi: 10.1097/00005373-197708000-00004.
Drowning accounts for 32% of all pediatric accidental deaths in Dade County, Florida. Swimming pools, primarily home pools, are the most common site, 38%; followed by canals, 27%; lakes, ponds and rockpits, 13%; and the ocean and bay, 11%. The majority of drowning victims could not swim and were dead at the scene of the accident. Most pool victims were white, male, and 3 years old. Most victims were thought to be engaged in a non-pool related activity before the accident. Children who drowned in lakes, ponds, and rockpits, canals, and the ocean and bay were usually of school age and unsupervised. Black children had a higher rate of drowning than white children in these sites. Recommendations to prevent drowning: 1) Community education programs; 2) Safety fence around the perimeter of swimming pool; 3) Higher water levels in pools; 4) Investigation of "drown-proofing" instructions for preschool children; 5) Mandatory swimming and water safety instructions in public schools; 6) More supervised public swimming sites.
在佛罗里达州戴德县，溺水占所有儿童意外死亡的32%。游泳池，主要是家庭游泳池，是最常见的地点，占38%；其次是运河，占27%；湖泊、池塘和采石场，占13%；海洋和海湾，占11%。大多数溺水受害者不会游泳，且在事故现场死亡。大多数泳池溺水受害者是白人男性，年龄为3岁。大多数受害者在事故发生前被认为正在进行与泳池无关的活动。在湖泊、池塘、采石场、运河以及海洋和海湾溺水的儿童通常是学龄儿童且无人监管。在这些地点，黑人儿童溺水率高于白人儿童。预防溺水的建议：1）社区教育项目；2）在游泳池周边设置安全围栏；3）提高泳池水位；4）调查针对学龄前儿童的“防溺水”指导；5）在公立学校强制开展游泳和水上安全指导；6）增加有监管的公共游泳场所。
