Thyroid-stimulating hormone inhibits Fas antigen-mediated apoptosis of human thyrocytes in vitro.

The mechanisms of TSH-induced growth stimulation of thyrocytes in vivo have yet to be elucidated. We examined the antiapoptotic effect of TSH toward Fas antigen-mediated apoptosis of thyrocytes. Fas antigen was expressed on approximately 40% of unstimulated thyrocytes, and the expression was significantly inhibited by the addition of TSH in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of thyrocytes with 8-bromo-cAMP mimicked the effect of TSH, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of TSH on Fas antigen expression was mediated by activating protein kinase A. In contrast, treatment of thyrocytes with either interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or interferon- gamma (IFN gamma) markedly increased Fas antigen expression on thyrocytes, and these effects were inhibited in the presence of TSH. The expression of the protooncogene product Bcl-2 did not change after the addition of TSH, 8-bromo-cAMP, IL-1 beta, IFN gamma, or a combination of TSH and IL-1 beta or IFN gamma. When thyrocytes stimulated with either IL-1 beta or IFN gamma were treated with anti-Fas IgM mAb, the cells were committed to apoptosis, whereas this apoptotic process was significantly inhibited by the addition of TSH. These results indicate that the Fas antigen is functionally expressed on the surface of thyrocytes, and TSH inhibits Fas antigen-mediated apoptosis of thyrocytes through the inhibitory effect of Fas antigen expression, resulting in the promotion of growth of the thyroid gland.