Biłyk A, Kołwzan B, Traczewska T M
Instytut Inzynierii Ochrony Srodowiska, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1996;47(1):77-85.
City of Wrocław is supplied with water from Oława. The main contaminations of water are high concentration of organic compounds and bacteria count. Raw and drinking water show some mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in Ames tests. To improve the quality of drinking water now technology bored on infiltrated water composed of, coagulation, filtration and disinfection was tested. The goal of investigation and was to examine mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of raw and treated water. Potential carcinogenic activity of volatile disinfection-by-products was estimated by direct analysis of THMs, while for nonvolatile halogenated organic substances Ames test was used. Carcinogenic risk based on THMs concentration could be estimate as 10(-5) for chlorine and 10(-6) for chlorine dioxide. Ozonation and post chlorination did not lowered the risk. Positives results of Ames test obtained for raw water no 2 with Salmonella typhimurium TA100, and for chlorinated treated water with Salmonella typhimurium TA98. The treatment of water with chlorine transforms same compounds into carcinogenic chlorinated derivatives and does not eliminate its harmful properties. Our results suggest that not all methods of treatment remove harmful to the health components from the water. Consequently in the case of the presence of such compounds in surface water it is necessary to employ appropriate methods and procedures the used Ames test allows rapid determination of the presence of carcinogenic compound in water. In Poland determination of the presence of potential carcinogens in water destined for the supply of urban areas is not obligatory and standard analyses of chemical composition do not give such information. It seems that the mentioned test could be considered for the control of the quality of raw and treated water as an indispensable measure contributing to reducing the health hazard for the population.
弗罗茨瓦夫市的供水来自奥瓦河。水的主要污染物是有机化合物浓度高和细菌数量多。原水和饮用水在艾姆斯试验中显示出一些致突变和致癌特性。为了提高饮用水质量，目前对基于渗透水的技术进行了测试，该技术包括混凝、过滤和消毒。调查的目的是检测原水和处理后水的致突变和致癌特性。挥发性消毒副产物的潜在致癌活性通过对三卤甲烷的直接分析来估计，而对于非挥发性卤代有机物质则使用艾姆斯试验。基于三卤甲烷浓度的致癌风险估计，氯气为10^(-5)，二氧化氯为10^(-6)。臭氧化和后氯化并没有降低风险。用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA100对2号原水以及用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98对氯化处理后的水进行艾姆斯试验得到了阳性结果。用氯气处理水会将一些化合物转化为致癌的氯化衍生物，并且不能消除其有害特性。我们的结果表明，并非所有处理方法都能去除水中对健康有害的成分。因此，如果地表水中存在此类化合物，就有必要采用适当的方法和程序。所使用的艾姆斯试验能够快速测定水中致癌化合物的存在。在波兰，对供城市地区使用的水中潜在致癌物的存在进行测定并非强制性的，而且化学成分的标准分析也无法提供此类信息。看来，上述试验可被视为控制原水和处理后水质量的一项不可或缺的措施，有助于降低对民众的健康危害。
