Pearn J, Nixon J
Med J Aust. 1977 Apr 23;1(17):616-8. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1977.tb130960.x.
The data from the Brisban Drowning Study have been analysed in this article to provide guidelines for preventive strategies. The separate causal links comprising the drowning chain have been identified, and quantitative scores have been assigned to the three identifiable groups of causative factors--environmental, parent-related and victim-related. The identifiable causes of child drowning are absence of a safety barrier or fence around the water hazard, non-supervision of a child, a parental "vulnerable period", an inadequate safety barrier, and tempting objects in or on the water. Effective environmental control can be achieved only through legislation. The complementary role of a public educational thrust in discussed. Increasing the tempo of "drownproofing* and of teaching children to swim will help, but the expected reduction in deaths and near-deaths from this strategy alone cannot yet be assessed. Compulsory first aid training for pool owners is required. Costs of implementing a total drowning preventive programme are presented.
本文分析了布里斯班溺水研究的数据，以提供预防策略指南。已确定构成溺水链的各个因果联系，并对三类可识别的致病因素——环境因素、与父母相关的因素和与受害者相关的因素——进行了量化评分。儿童溺水的可识别原因包括水患周围没有安全屏障或围栏、对儿童缺乏监管、父母的“脆弱期”、安全屏障不足以及水中或水上有诱人的物品。只有通过立法才能实现有效的环境控制。文中讨论了公共教育推动的补充作用。加快“防溺水”和教儿童游泳的速度会有所帮助，但仅靠这一策略预期的死亡和接近死亡人数的减少目前还无法评估。泳池所有者需要接受强制性急救培训。文中还列出了实施全面溺水预防计划的成本。
