Dowswell T, Towner E M, Simpson G, Jarvis S N
Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK.
Inj Prev. 1996 Jun;2(2):140-9. doi: 10.1136/ip.2.2.140.
The aim of this paper is to report on a systematic review of the world literature to provide information about the most effective forms of health promotion interventions to reduce childhood (0-14 years) unintentional injuries. The findings are of relevance to policy makers at a local or national level, to practitioners and researchers.
The relevant literature has been identified through the use of electronic databases, hand searching of journals, scanning reference lists, and consultation with key informants.
Examples of interventions that have been effective in reducing injury include: bicycle helmet legislation, area wide traffic calming measures, child safety restraint legislation, child resistant containers to prevent poisoning, and window bars to prevent falls. Interventions effective in changing behaviour include bicycle helmet education and legislation, child restraint legislation, child restraint loan schemes, child restraint educational campaigns, pedestrian education aimed at the child/parent, provision of smoke detectors, and parent education on home hazard reduction. For the community based campaigns, the key to success has been the sustained use of surveillance systems, the commitment of interagency cooperation and the time needed to develop networks and implement a range of interventions. Education, environmental modification and legislation all have a part to play and their effect in combination is important.
The design of evaluations in injury prevention needs to be improved so that more reliable evidence can be obtained. Better information is needed on process, so that successful strategies can be replicated elsewhere. There is also a need for literature reviews on effectiveness to be updated regularly and for their findings to be widely disseminated to policy makers, researchers, and practitioners.
本文旨在报告一项对世界文献的系统综述，以提供有关减少儿童期（0至14岁）意外伤害的最有效健康促进干预形式的信息。研究结果与地方或国家层面的政策制定者、从业者及研究人员相关。
通过使用电子数据库、手工检索期刊、浏览参考文献列表以及咨询关键信息提供者来识别相关文献。
有效减少伤害的干预措施示例包括：自行车头盔立法、区域交通 calming 措施、儿童安全约束立法、防止中毒的儿童防开启容器以及防止坠落的窗栏。有效改变行为的干预措施包括自行车头盔教育与立法、儿童约束立法、儿童约束借用计划、儿童约束教育活动、针对儿童/家长的行人教育、提供烟雾探测器以及家长关于减少家庭危险的教育。对于基于社区的活动，成功的关键在于持续使用监测系统、跨机构合作的承诺以及建立网络和实施一系列干预措施所需的时间。教育、环境改造和立法都发挥着作用，它们的综合效果很重要。
伤害预防评估的设计需要改进，以便获得更可靠的证据。需要更好的过程信息，以便成功策略能够在其他地方复制。还需要定期更新关于有效性的文献综述，并将其结果广泛传播给政策制定者、研究人员和从业者。
