Wu X, Wu Y, Zhou B
Cardiovascular Institute, Beijing.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1996 Jan;76(1):24-9.
To study the natural populations studied including 3 groups of workers, 6 groups of farmers and 1 group of fishermen, distributed in Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shannxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Autonomous Region.
In 1982-1985, a total of 25656 persons (male 13,390, female 12,266) aged 35-59 were surveyed for the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
20641 (male 10584, female 10057) of them were re-examined in 1988-1989, giving a response rate of 80.5%. During the 5 year follow-up period, the incidence of definite hypertension was 1.20% (male) and 1.07% (female), with the borderline plus definite rates being 3.27% and 2.68% per year, respectively. The incidence varied from 0.76% to 5.62% per year for borderline plus definite. The incidence was higher in the north than in the south, higher in farmers than in workers, and lowest in fishermen. The incidence rates were higher in men than in women, and the older the age, the higher the incidence of hypertension. Both univariate and logistic regression indicated that the main risk factors of hypertension are the levels of baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and alcohol intake, all of which showed a dose-response relation to the incidence rate of hypertension. These relationships were affected by age; the younger, the more marked the increase of relative risk (RR) with risk factor levels. After adjusting for age, sex and location by logistic regression, with every 10 mmHg increase of SBP or DBP within the normotensive range, or every 1 unit increase of BMI, the RR of hypertension was -- estimated to increase by 71.5%, 102.4% and 10.8%, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the level of serum cholesterol and the incidence of hypertension, but persons with faster heart rates showed a higher RR.
Primary prevention of hypertension in persons should be started before age of 35 years.
研究分布于黑龙江、河北、山西、陕西、江苏、浙江和广西壮族自治区的自然人群，包括3组工人、6组农民和1组渔民。
1982年至1985年，对25656名年龄在35至59岁之间的人（男性13390人，女性12266人）进行心血管疾病危险因素调查。
1988年至1989年对其中20641人（男性10584人，女性10057人）进行了复查，应答率为80.5%。在5年随访期内，确诊高血压的发病率男性为1.20%，女性为1.07%，临界高血压加确诊高血压的年发病率分别为3.27%和2.68%。临界高血压加确诊高血压的年发病率在0.76%至5.62%之间。发病率北方高于南方，农民高于工人，渔民最低。男性发病率高于女性，年龄越大，高血压发病率越高。单因素分析和逻辑回归均表明，高血压的主要危险因素是基线收缩压和舒张压水平、体重指数（BMI）和酒精摄入量，所有这些因素与高血压发病率均呈剂量反应关系。这些关系受年龄影响；年龄越小，危险因素水平相对风险（RR）增加越明显。经逻辑回归调整年龄、性别和地区后，在正常血压范围内，收缩压或舒张压每升高10 mmHg，或BMI每增加1个单位，高血压的RR估计分别增加71.5%、102.4%和10.8%。血清胆固醇水平与高血压发病率之间未发现显著关系，但心率较快者RR较高。
高血压的一级预防应在35岁之前开始。
