Cheung C K, Kwok S T
Centre for Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
J Soc Psychol. 1996 Jun;136(3):333-47. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1996.9714012.
Conservative orientation is identified with reference to authoritarianism, work ethic belief, just world belief, and endorsement of individualistic causes of social problems. This over-arching orientation is hypothesized to affect hopelessness and to be affected by self-esteem with reference to ego development theory and learned helplessness theory. Causal modeling of data obtained from 1st-year college students (N = 556) in Hong Kong supports the hypotheses, showing that a student's hopelessness relates to his or her conservative orientation, even when self-esteem is controlled. This relationship can be interpreted by ego development and learned helplessness theories and cannot be explained as a spurious effect. Through the theories, hopelessness is interpreted as a result of maladaptive development and fatalistic, alienated, and helpless outlooks. This maladaptive development and the outlooks in turn result from students' conservative and individualistic orientation.
保守取向是通过参照权威主义、职业道德信念、公正世界信念以及对社会问题个人主义成因的认同来确定的。根据自我发展理论和习得性无助理论，这种总体取向被假定会影响绝望感，并受到自尊的影响。对香港一年级大学生（N = 556）的数据进行的因果建模支持了这些假设，表明即使在控制了自尊的情况下，学生的绝望感也与他或她的保守取向有关。这种关系可以用自我发展和习得性无助理论来解释，而不能被解释为虚假效应。通过这些理论，绝望感被解释为适应不良发展以及宿命论、疏离和无助观念的结果。而这种适应不良发展和观念反过来又是由学生的保守和个人主义取向导致的。
