Salthouse T A
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0170, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1996 Jul;103(3):403-28. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403.
A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that this reduction in speed leads to impairments in cognitive functioning because of what are termed the limited time mechanism and the simultaneity mechanism. That is, cognitive performance is degraded when processing is slow because relevant operations cannot be successfully executed (limited time) and because the products of early processing may no longer be available when later processing is complete (simultaneity). Several types of evidence, such as the discovery of considerable shared age-related variance across various measures of speed and large attenuation of the age-related influences on cognitive measures after statistical control of measures of speed, are consistent with this theory.
本文提出了一种理论，以解释在A型或流体认知测量中所报告的一些与年龄相关的差异。该理论的核心假设是，成年后年龄的增长与许多处理操作的执行速度下降有关，而这种速度的降低由于所谓的有限时间机制和同时性机制而导致认知功能受损。也就是说，当处理速度较慢时，认知表现会下降，这是因为相关操作无法成功执行（有限时间），并且在后期处理完成时，早期处理的结果可能不再可用（同时性）。几种类型的证据，例如在各种速度测量中发现了相当大的与年龄相关的共同方差，以及在对速度测量进行统计控制后，与年龄相关的对认知测量的影响大幅减弱，都与该理论一致。
