Whissell C M
Psychology Department, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1996 Aug;122(3):253-84.
Plutchik's (1980, 1994) psychoevolutionary theory, which posited eight basic emotions, was used as a framework for the organization of Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) coping strategies and Bem's (1981) gender-schematic items regarding equivalent motivations and coping strategies. Personality factors from the 16PF, Edwards's Personal Preference Schedule (Edwards, 1959), and the Jackson Personality Research Form (Jackson, 1984) were drawn into the same model to explain and predict both typical (actually occurring) and stereotypical (expected or assigned) sex differences in motivation and emotion. Data from several experiments and a meta-analysis support the conclusion that the model can successfully predict sex differences and that although most differences tend to occur in the direction predicted by the model, typical sex differences are less frequent and of a smaller magnitude than stereotypical differences.
普拉奇克（1980年、1994年）的心理进化理论提出了八种基本情绪，该理论被用作一个框架，用于组织拉扎勒斯和福克曼（1984年）的应对策略以及贝姆（1981年）关于等效动机和应对策略的性别图式项目。来自16种人格因素问卷、爱德华兹个人偏好量表（爱德华兹，1959年）以及杰克逊人格研究表（杰克逊，1984年）的人格因素被纳入同一模型，以解释和预测动机和情绪方面典型的（实际发生的）和刻板的（预期的或指定的）性别差异。来自多个实验和一项元分析的数据支持以下结论：该模型能够成功预测性别差异，并且尽管大多数差异倾向于按照模型预测的方向出现，但典型的性别差异比刻板差异出现的频率更低，幅度更小。
