Gauthier P, Decherchi P, Réga P, Lammari-Barreault N
Département de Physiologie et de Neurophysiologie, CNRS URA 1832, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Marseille.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 1996 Feb;152(2):106-15.
Nerve grafts have long been used as a reconstructive strategy in the human peripheral nervous system. In the nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral nerve grafts have been used experimentally for promoting axonal regeneration in lesioned pathways. Peripheral nerve grafts play the role of physical and trophic supports that are favourable for the regeneration of central fibres that normally present only abortive regeneration in adult mammals. On the basis of several experimental models (axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells, respiratory neurones, ...) it has now been established that central fibres that have regenerated within the nerve grafts retain their ability to transmit normal nervous information and can make functional synaptic contact with a target. If such a strategy is not yet used in man, it nevertheless constitutes a promising approach for the investigation of the central nervous system plasticity, and could be useful in the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
神经移植长期以来一直被用作人类周围神经系统的一种重建策略。在神经系统（大脑和脊髓）中，外周神经移植已被用于实验，以促进受损通路中的轴突再生。外周神经移植起到了物理和营养支持的作用，有利于中枢纤维的再生，而中枢纤维在成年哺乳动物中通常只会进行 abortive 再生。基于几种实验模型（视网膜神经节细胞、呼吸神经元的轴突再生等），现已确定在神经移植内再生的中枢纤维保留了传递正常神经信息的能力，并且可以与靶标建立功能性突触联系。如果这种策略尚未在人类中使用，但它仍然是研究中枢神经系统可塑性的一种有前景的方法，并且可能对治疗脊髓损伤有用。
