Herman D
Service de médecine interne et allergologie, hôpital Bichat, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1996 Apr 15;46(8):981-4.
Some allergenic aggressions produce life threatening reactions requiring an emergency treatment. Anaphylaxis is related to relatively isolated exposures: drugs, food, hymenoptera stings. Anaphylactic shock is a life threatening reaction due to several mechanisms of mast cells degranulation. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is sometimes symptomatic of food allergy, and idiopathic anaphylaxis may also represent a severe reaction. Adrenaline is the mainstay for emergency treatment; it has to be used as soon as possible, according to correct procedures as a first-step treatment. Emergency treatment may also be required after an allergenic exposure, especially fungal, responsible for allergic asthma exacerbation, severe cutaneous or mucosal lesions (laryngeal oedema, angiooedema...).
一些变应原侵袭会引发危及生命的反应，需要进行紧急治疗。过敏反应与相对孤立的接触有关：药物、食物、膜翅目昆虫叮咬。过敏性休克是由于肥大细胞脱颗粒的多种机制引起的危及生命的反应。运动诱发的过敏反应有时是食物过敏的症状，特发性过敏反应也可能是一种严重反应。肾上腺素是紧急治疗的主要药物；必须尽快按照正确程序将其作为第一步治疗药物使用。在接触变应原后，尤其是引发过敏性哮喘加重、严重皮肤或黏膜病变（喉水肿、血管性水肿等）的真菌，也可能需要进行紧急治疗。
