John H, Gürke L, Pedrinis E, Solari G M, Martinelli G, Thum P, Kuhrmeier A, Marx A, Martinoli S
Istituto cantonale di patologia, Locarno.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1996 Aug 6;126(31-32):1339-46.
Between 1981 and 1993, 27 bronchial carcinoids were diagnosed in patients living in the Swiss Canton of Ticino, with a mean age of 55 (24-78) years. The incidence was 0.79/100,000 inhabitants. Main symptoms were cough (41%), hemoptysis (30%) and bronchial obstruction such as pneumonia or atelectasis (26%). There were no cases with carcinoid crisis. Preoperative evaluation included chest X-ray (100%), bronchoscopic biopsy (84%), computed tomography (44%) and mediastinoscopy (15%). Some 69% of the patients underwent lobectomy and 15% segmental resection. Pneumonectomy was required for curative surgery in 2 patients. One patient underwent bronchoscopic resection. Surgery is generally indicated. The 5-year survival rate for typical carcinoid was 94% and was significantly reduced to 42% in atypical carcinoid cases (p = 0.02). Prognosis after radical surgery is favorable and depends mainly on lymph node involvement and the histological type of carcinoid.
1981年至1993年间，瑞士提契诺州的居民中诊断出27例支气管类癌，平均年龄55岁（24 - 78岁）。发病率为0.79/10万居民。主要症状为咳嗽（41%）、咯血（30%）以及支气管阻塞，如肺炎或肺不张（26%）。无类癌危象病例。术前评估包括胸部X线检查（100%）、支气管镜活检（84%）、计算机断层扫描（44%）和纵隔镜检查（15%）。约69%的患者接受了肺叶切除术，15%接受了肺段切除术。2例患者需要进行全肺切除术以达到根治性手术目的。1例患者接受了支气管镜切除术。一般建议进行手术。典型类癌的5年生存率为94%，非典型类癌病例则显著降至42%（p = 0.02）。根治性手术后的预后良好，主要取决于淋巴结受累情况和类癌的组织学类型。
