Kretzschmar M
Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, General Hospital Gera, Germany.
Exp Toxicol Pathol. 1996 Jul;48(5):439-46. doi: 10.1016/S0940-2993(96)80054-6.
The regulation of hepatic glutathione (GSH) metabolism have been reviewed. Key steps in the regulation of hepatic GSH are GSH biosynthesis, the GSH-redox-cycle, the cystathionine pathway, and the carrier-mediated export processes. Possible influences of xenobiotics on these different pathways are discussed. GSH fulfills several essential functions; detoxification of oxygen-derived free radicals, thioldisulfide exchange and storage and transfer of cysteine. GSH is present in all mammalian cells, but may be especially important for organs with intensive exposure to exogenous toxins such as the liver. Within the cell mitochondrial GSH is the main defense against physiological oxidative stress generated by cellular respiration and may be a critical target for toxins. Glutathione homeostasis of the organism is a highly complex process, which is predominantly regulated by the liver but also by skeletal muscle, lung and kidney.
已对肝脏谷胱甘肽（GSH）代谢的调节进行了综述。肝脏GSH调节的关键步骤包括GSH生物合成、GSH氧化还原循环、胱硫醚途径以及载体介导的输出过程。讨论了外源化学物对这些不同途径的可能影响。GSH具有多种重要功能；清除氧衍生的自由基、硫醇二硫键交换以及半胱氨酸的储存和转运。GSH存在于所有哺乳动物细胞中，但对于大量接触外源性毒素的器官（如肝脏）可能尤为重要。在细胞内，线粒体GSH是抵御细胞呼吸产生的生理氧化应激的主要防线，可能是毒素的关键作用靶点。生物体的谷胱甘肽稳态是一个高度复杂的过程，主要由肝脏调节，但骨骼肌、肺和肾脏也参与调节。
