Diouf A, Kebe F, Faye E O, Diallo D, Ndour Sarr A, Mboup S, Diadhiou F
Clinique Gynécologique et Obstétricale, CHU, Dakar, Sénégal.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1996;25(3):283-7.
The epidemiologic and sociodemographic characteristics of human deficiency virus (HIV) infection vary from one country to another. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women in Dakar and associated factors. Systematic anonymous screening was performed in pregnant women admitted to the maternity ward. Women whose seropositivity was confirmed by Western blot retroviral serology were included. One woman out of four was assigned by simple random selection to the case control group. Over a 24 month period, 12,498 women were tested. 104 were seropositive (44 HIV1, 58HIV2, and 2 HIV1-HIV2 giving a prevalence of 0.8%. Factors associated with HIV1 and HIV2 were different: mean age 21.7 years for HIV1 versus 30.6 for HIV 2 (p = 0.05); origin in Guinea-Bissau for HIV2 (p = 0.001); mean number of pregnancies 2.6 for HIV1 versus 5.9 for HIV2 (p = 0.001); mean parity 1.5 for HIV1 versus 4.5 for HIV2 (p < 0.01); vitality of the conception product in 85.1% for HIV2 versus 67.5% for HIV1 (p = 0.0001). These data confirm the low prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women, with a predominance for HIV2. The factors identified in associated with virus type suggest a different mode of transmission and/or reduced virulence or HIV2 compared with HIV1. Knowledge of these factors helps orient management strategies, especially in pregnant women.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的流行病学和社会人口学特征因国家而异。本研究的目的是确定达喀尔孕妇中HIV感染的患病率及相关因素。对入住产科病房的孕妇进行了系统的匿名筛查。纳入通过蛋白质印迹逆转录病毒血清学确认血清阳性的女性。通过简单随机选择，每四名女性中有一名被分配到病例对照组。在24个月的时间里，对12498名女性进行了检测。104人血清呈阳性（44例HIV-1，58例HIV-2，2例HIV-1/HIV-2混合感染），患病率为0.8%。与HIV-1和HIV-2相关的因素不同：HIV-1感染者的平均年龄为21.7岁，而HIV-2感染者为30.6岁（p = 0.05）；HIV-2感染者的原籍地为几内亚比绍（p = 0.001）；HIV-1感染者的平均妊娠次数为2.6次，而HIV-2感染者为5.9次（p = 0.001）；HIV-1感染者的平均产次为1.5次，而HIV-2感染者为4.5次（p < 0.01）；HIV-2感染者中妊娠产物存活的比例为85.1%，而HIV-1感染者为67.5%（p = 0.0001）。这些数据证实了孕妇中HIV感染的低患病率，且以HIV-2为主。与病毒类型相关的因素表明，与HIV-1相比，HIV-2的传播方式不同和/或毒力降低。了解这些因素有助于指导管理策略，尤其是针对孕妇的管理策略。
