[Sports as a preventive and rehabilitational measure for the elderly].

Numerous studies have shown a negative correlation between physical activity and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. On the basis of the results of these studies, the following prophylactic recommendations have been worked out: vigorous physical exercise resulting in an increase in energy consumption of at least 200-300 kcal/day or 2000 kcal/week. In addition, experimental research in the field of sports medicine has shown that besides calorie consumption, minimal qualitative and quantitative requirements must also be met if training is to have a preventive effect. Here, the maximum oxygen uptake capacity (the international reference parameter for physical fitness) is of decisive importance. Against this background, participation in a training program offering for 30 min at least 2-3 times a week is recommended. Many studies have shown the effectiveness of such training programs in both, primary and secondary prevention of various cardiovascular diseases, and in the area of geriatric rehabilitation.