Plöckinger B, Ulm M R, Chalubinski K, Schaller A
Abteilung für Pränatale Diagnostik und Therapie, Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde Wien.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1996 May;56(5):248-51. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1022269.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the obstetric risk in pregnant adolescents under 16 years of age. From July 1, 1970 to June 30, 1993, 188 girls aged 11-15 years were delivered at the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vienna; 4569 primiparous women between 20 and 24 years with singleton pregnancies served as a control group. No significant differences between the two groups were found for the frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension (2.1% vs. 3.5%), premature delivery rates (24.4% vs. 29.8%), percentage of babies weighing less than 2500 g (10.1% vs. 9.1%), mean birthweight (3082 g vs. 3117 g), frequency of intrauterine growth retardation (2.1% vs. 2.4%) and malformations (1.6% vs. 3.1%) and perinatal mortality to the end of the first week (1.1% vs. 0.5%). Adolescent mothers were found to have more spontaneous deliveries (85.1% vs. 74.9% in the control group, p < 0.005), lower Caesarean section rates (6.4% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.05) and fewer babies with a birthweight exceeding 4000 g (1.1% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.05). For the first time, the pregnancy outcome of European adolescents was studied over a period of 23 years. We conclude on the basis of our results that maternal and neonatal risk in mothers under 16 years of age does not exceed the obstetric risk in adult mothers.
本研究的目的是评估16岁以下怀孕青少年的产科风险。1970年7月1日至1993年6月30日，维也纳第二妇产科有188名11 - 15岁的女孩分娩；4569名20至24岁的初产妇单胎妊娠作为对照组。两组在妊娠高血压发生率（2.1%对3.5%）、早产率（24.4%对29.8%）、出生体重低于2500g的婴儿百分比（10.1%对9.1%）、平均出生体重（3082g对3117g）、宫内生长迟缓发生率（2.1%对2.4%）、畸形发生率（1.6%对3.1%）以及第一周结束时的围产儿死亡率（1.1%对0.5%）方面未发现显著差异。发现青少年母亲自然分娩的比例更高（85.1%对对照组的74.9%，p<0.005），剖宫产率更低（6.4%对11.3%，p<0.05），出生体重超过4000g的婴儿更少（1.1%对4.3%，p<0.05）。首次对欧洲青少年23年期间的妊娠结局进行了研究。基于我们的研究结果，我们得出结论，16岁以下母亲的孕产妇和新生儿风险不超过成年母亲的产科风险。
