Roubertoux P L, Martin B, Le Roy I, Beau J, Marchaland C, Perez-Diaz F, Cohen-Salmon C, Carlier M
URA CNRS 1294, Génétique, Neurogénétique et Comportement, UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris V-René Descartes, France.
Behav Genet. 1996 Jul;26(4):427-37. doi: 10.1007/BF02359487.
Two kinds of vocalizations are produced by newborn mice: whistles (between 50 and 150 ms in length), having a narrow bandwidth in each strain that ranges from 30 to 90 kHz; and clicks, which are shorter (about 1 ms) and have a larger bandwidth. These vocalizations were individually recorded in 1-day-old pups from seven inbred strains of laboratory mice, at two temperatures (23 +/- 0.5 and 15 +/- 0.5 degrees C). The numbers of clicks and whistles were counted under these two conditions. Moreover, the length and frequencies at the beginning, apex, and end of the whistles were measured during the 15 degrees C condition. Correlations, including several components-additivity, epistasis (between homozygous loci), and maternal environment-were calculated between the characteristics of the whistles during the 15 degrees C condition. Clicks and whistles were also counted from 1 to 8 days of age during the 15 degrees C condition. The numbers of clicks and whistles were age dependent, with a decrease from day 1 to day 8 for the clicks and a consistent production of whistles. A quantitative genetic analysis was also performed on the 1-day-old pups from the Mendelian generations produced by the inbred strains most contrasting for the number of whistles produced in the cold condition: NZB/BINJ and CBA/H. The heterozygous genotype of the mother induced an increment of the number of whistles. Moreover, a significant part of the additive variance was suspected from the first design, and found with the second one, for this variable. Quantitative genetic analysis showed significant dominance and epistasis between homozygous loci and homozygous and heterozygous loci. This points to multigenic correlates for the number of whistles in this population. The significant additive values for all the variables recorded during the 15 +/- 0.5 degrees C condition and for the number of whistles produced during the 23 +/- 0.5 degrees C condition are compatible with an effect that indicates neither directional nor stabilizing selection. This result is examined in the light of the multichannel sensorial process implicated in maternal behavior in mice.
哨声（长度在50至150毫秒之间），每种品系的带宽较窄，范围为30至90千赫；以及咔哒声，其持续时间较短（约1毫秒）且带宽较大。这些叫声是在来自七个近交系实验室小鼠的1日龄幼崽中，于两种温度（23±0.5和15±0.5摄氏度）下单独记录的。在这两种条件下统计咔哒声和哨声的数量。此外，在15摄氏度条件下测量哨声起始、峰值和末尾的长度及频率。计算了15摄氏度条件下哨声特征之间的相关性，包括几个组成部分——加性效应、上位性（纯合位点之间）以及母体环境。在15摄氏度条件下，还统计了1至8日龄小鼠的咔哒声和哨声数量。咔哒声和哨声的数量与年龄有关，咔哒声从第1天到第8天减少，而哨声持续产生。对来自在寒冷条件下产生哨声数量差异最大的近交系所产生的孟德尔代的1日龄幼崽也进行了数量遗传学分析：NZB/BINJ和CBA/H。母亲的杂合基因型导致哨声数量增加。此外，从第一个设计中就怀疑该变量存在显著的加性方差，在第二个设计中得到了证实。数量遗传学分析显示纯合位点之间以及纯合与杂合位点之间存在显著的显性和上位性。这表明该群体中哨声数量存在多基因相关性。在15±0.5摄氏度条件下记录的所有变量以及在23±0.5摄氏度条件下产生的哨声数量的显著加性值与既不表明定向选择也不表明稳定选择的效应相符。根据与小鼠母体行为相关的多通道感官过程对这一结果进行了研究。
