Yonekawa H, Moriwaki K, Gotoh O, Miyashita N, Migita S, Bonhomme F, Hjorth J P, Petras M L, Tagashira Y
Differentiation. 1982;22(3):222-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1982.tb01255.x.
To determine the origins of laboratory mice, the restriction patterns of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from various strains were compared with those of relevant subspecies and/or races of Mus musculus. In most strains and substrains of laboratory mice examined (50/55), the cleavage patterns were identical to those of the European subspecies M. m. domesticus. Those that varied include two sublines of NZB, the strain NZC, and the Japanese strain RR. The NZB and NZC patterns were identical to that of the European subspecies M. m. brevirostris, which itself has restriction patterns similar to M. m. domesticus. On the other hand, the RR pattern was identical to M. m. molossinus-like mice trapped in Western China and slightly different from Japanese M. m. molossinus. These findings suggest that the strains NZB and NZC stemmed from a European founder stock which differed from the ancestral stocks of other laboratory strains and that the ancestral mice of the RR strain had been transported from China to Japan. Therefore, most laboratory strains of mice are derived from the European subspecies M. m. domesticus while M. m. brevirostris and M. m. molossinus have made minor contributions. M. m. musculus does not appear to have made any contribution.
为了确定实验小鼠的起源，将各种品系的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的限制性图谱与小家鼠相关亚种和/或种群的图谱进行了比较。在所检测的大多数实验小鼠品系和亚品系（50/55）中，切割图谱与欧洲亚种小家鼠的图谱相同。不同的品系包括NZB的两个亚系、NZC品系和日本的RR品系。NZB和NZC品系的图谱与欧洲亚种短尾小家鼠的图谱相同，而短尾小家鼠本身的限制性图谱与小家鼠相似。另一方面，RR品系的图谱与在中国西部捕获的类小家鼠相似，与日本小家鼠略有不同。这些发现表明NZB和NZC品系起源于与其他实验品系的祖先种群不同的欧洲创始种群，RR品系的祖先小鼠是从中国运往日本的。因此，大多数实验小鼠品系源自欧洲亚种小家鼠，而短尾小家鼠和小家鼠的贡献较小。小家鼠似乎没有做出任何贡献。
